It is one in a series of public health statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. The term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs also known as poly aro matic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of organic chemical con sisting of two or more fused. They have a relatively low solubility in water, but are highly lipophilic. Cannon, david graham, eric morton, and raymond bienert abstract polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon pah compounds are ubiquitous in ambient surface. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs formation in grilled meat productsanalysis and modeling with artificial neural networks. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in drinkingwater world health.
The following parameters can be determined by this method. Pdf oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in. The extract is concentrated and subjected to highperformance liquid chromatographic hplc analysis using a 10. These rings share one or more sides and contain delocalized electrons. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pah are a diverse class of compounds consisting of substituted and unsubstituted polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings. Background a minnesota pollution control agency mpca memorandum dated october 2002 directed superfund rcra and vic staff to begin analyzing for an extended list of 25 cpahs at remediation sites where pahs are present. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs what are pahs. Polynuclear aromatic compounds pacs are byproducts of fuel burningwhich occur in coal, tar, and oil deposits. Most of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with low vapor pressure in the air are adsorbed on particles. Pdf polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in fish. Ultradur, pbt is a plastic polymer that contains an aromatic functional group. Pdf determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pahs.
Certain pah metabolites are believed to interact with dna, causing malignancies and heritable genetic damage. Sorption of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by sediments. Any polynuclear compound, heterocyclic rings or cyclic ions may be aromatic if these have a specific electronic structure. Astm d5186 19 standard test method for determination of. Prior to use of this method, appropriate sample extraction techniques must be used. Method 5506, issue 3, dated 15 january 1998 page 2 of 9 niosh manual of analytical methods nmam, fourth edition reagents.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs include hundreds of different chemicals that commonly occur as mixtures in the environment. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. Pahs are found naturally in the environment but they can also be manmade. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are organic compounds that are mostly colorless, white, or pale yellow solids. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. These are also called polycyclic benoid or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. Most of the pahs with low vapour pressure in the air are adsorbed on particles. Catalytic cracking of heavy aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over fluidized catalytic cracking catalysts. Polynuclear hydrocarbons benzenoid non benzenoid a zulene isolated fused rings biphenyl linear angular 07052017 naphthalene phenanthrene dr. Aromatic hydrocarbon an overview sciencedirect topics. The first is an alphabetical list of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs discussed in the report and close chemical relatives, with molecular formulas and cas numbers. The work of the following coordinators was crucial in the development of this.
Speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pah in aquatic sediments. When dissolved in water or adsorbed on particulate matter, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons can undergo photodecomposition when exposed to ultraviolet light from solar radiation. Both neat and diluted organic liquids method 3580, waste dilution may be analyzed by direct injection. Method 5506, issue 3, dated 15 january 1998 page 4 of 9 niosh manual of analytical methods nmam, fourth edition c w w f w b b b f b b v, mgm3. Set hplc according to manufacturers instructions, conditions on page 55061, and steps 14 and 15. They are also referred to as arenes or aryl hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbon compounds are hydrocarbons containing one or more aromatic rings, such as the singlering benzene as well as the multiring systems. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pna, total recoverable.
Pacs are not only released from fossil fuels but also in cooked foods and other consumer goods, such as meat, from the high temperature grilling process as well as from incomplete combustion of other carboncontaining fuels such as tobacco, wood, coal, diesel fuel, edible fats, and. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure index nvlpubsnistgov. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in fish from the arabian gulf article pdf available in bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 3838. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs epa web archive. Mohanad mousa kareem polynuclear aromatic compounds.
In their purest form, pahs are solid and range in appearance from colorless to white or pale yellow. Mohanad mousa kareempolynuclear aromatic compounds. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles. In their purest form, pahs are solid and range in appearance from colorless to white or pale. A carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon must bear steric resemblance to steroids.
The dominant loss process for the gasphase pah is by reaction with the hydroxyl radical, resulting in calculated lifetimes in. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pahs, are produced through the incomplete combustion of organic matter e. Atmospheric chemistry of gasphase polycyclic aromatic. Short for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pahs describe chemicals that are often found together in groups of two or more. Substitution reactions of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Recent advances on diversity oriented heterocycle synthesis of fused quinolines and its biological evaluation. The occurrence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pah in the combustion products of carbonaceous fuels is a well known phenomenon. Polycyclic aromatics are compounds containing two or more fused aromatic rings. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the 6membered benzene ring structure a that is characterized by alternating double bonds. In humans, pahs are associated with cancers of the lung and skin, and possibly with urologic. A toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was released in december 1990. Pdf several water bodies in the niger delta region of nigeria where extensive crude oil production activities take place were analyzed for the.
Pdf polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in fish from. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, chicago, illinois. Lists of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polycyclic. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbonsorganic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogenthat are composed of multiple aromatic rings organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized. In addition to the electronic factors, there is a steric factor responsible for the carcinogenicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Hightemperature cooking, such as grilling, will form pahs in meat and other foods. It can be observed that all these compounds contain a benzene ring. This public health statement is the summary chapter from the toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in forest fire smoke. Benzoapyrene bap is the most wellknown and studied compound of those classified by the national academy of science nas as strongly carcinogenic.
The atmospheric chemistry of the 2 to 4ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pah, which exist mainly in the gas phase in the atmosphere, is discussed. Partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pah to watersoluble soil organic matter. In the past, certain workers were exposed to substantial quantities of coal tar pitch volatiles, a mixture known to include polynuclear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and thus suspected to be capable of causing lung cancer. Jan 21, 2015 pdf version, 66 kb this public health statement is the summary chapter from the toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. These cyclic hydrocarbons with alternating double and single carbon carbon. These fused benzene rings share two carbon atoms between them. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of organic compounds produced by incomplete combustion or highpressure processes and are a large group of organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings. May 31, 2017 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are a group of more than 100 chemicals that are also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Toxic substances portal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons are defined by having 6membered ring structures with alternating double bonds fig 8. Polynuclear aromatic compounds pacs, pahs supelco air. This leads to the formation of ch free radicals which can polymerize to form various. Substitution reactions of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons last updated. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs, which are generated from the incomplete combustion of organic carbonaceous mate rial, are ubiquitous. One possible implication to this requirement for carcinogenicity is that these hydrocarbons may act on the same sites as steroid hormones. Uv radiation and ozonation in the presence of uv radiation. Pah are formed as a result of incomplete combustion of organic com pounds with insufficient oxygen. Pah test mixture, a liquid standard containing the pahs except benzoepyrene epa 610. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pnas are known by several names. Pahs generated from these sources can bind to or form small particles in the air. The first draft of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in drinkingwater, background document for the development of the who guidelines for drinkingwater quality, was prepared by j. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons a constituent of petroleum.
A few examples of aromatic hydrocarbons are provided below. The environmental protection agency epa has identified 1,408 hazardous waste sites as the most serious in the nation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs were ranked as the ninth most threatening compounds to human health in 2001 king et al. This statement was prepared to give you information about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to them. European journal of soil science 1995, 46 2, 193204. Limited toxicological data are available on pah mixtures. A polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon made up of fused aromatic ring molecules. Pahs are a class of diverse organic compounds containing two or more fused aromatic rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
The second is a list of structural formulas ordered according to structural complexity and ratings of carcinogenic activity. Method 5515, issue 2, dated 15 august 1994 page 4 of 7 sorbent section and the middle glass wool plug to a second culture tube. These are rings which share one or more sides and contain delocalized electrons. Remediation division policy on analysis of carcinogenic. Several paw are known to be carcinogenic in animals. Pdf environmental effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons xenco laboratories. Lung cancer mortality and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years.
Polynuclear hydrocarbons classification of polynuclear hydrocarbons polynuclear hydrocarbons may be divided into two groups, polynuclear hydrocarbons benzenoid non benzenoid isolated ring polynuclear hydrocarbons biphenyl diphenyl. Pahs are released from burning coal, oil, gasoline, trash, tobacco, and wood. The recent literature describing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in air, water, soil and sediment, waste sludge, biomonitoring, toxicity, are. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned. Due to combustion of fossil fuels and organic waste, pahs are ubiquitous in the environment. Oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. They are a ubiquitous group of several hundred chemically related compounds, environmentally persistent with various structures and varied toxicity. Complete delocalization of p electron cloud of the ring system is a necessary requirement for aromatic character. Summary of method pnas are extracted from water or watersuspendedsediment mixtures with methylene chloride. Aromatic hydrocarbons are circularly structured organic compounds that contain sigma bonds along with delocalized pi electrons. Astm d5186 19 standard test method for determination of the. Environmental effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Pdf polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are a class of hazardous organic compounds consisting of three or more fused benzene rings. This tabulation is presented as an aid in the identification of the chemical structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs.
Although naphthalene, phenanthrene, and anthracene resemble benzene in many respects, they are more reactive than benzene in both substitution and addition reactions. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pah offered by pt provider x yes 38010ex cat. Lee1 department of chemistry, brigham young university, provo, ut 84602 the structures and relative abundances of polycyclic aromatic com pounds both hydrocarbons and heterocycles in a solventrefined. Another way to consider pahs is molecules made by fusing two or more benzene rings. Presence and influence in the aquatic environment, hydrocarbon, vladimir kutcherov and anton kolesnikov, intechopen, doi.
786 346 44 1172 1384 1109 1331 1574 396 812 770 853 1487 1119 1168 1194 78 1558 439 188 1055 1055 616 898 1570 228 770 1047 296 175 1067 657 22 868 103 375